Chrysanthemum
菊花, jú huā. Chrysanthemum morifolium. Daisy family
China's flower of autumn. The poet Tao Yuanming, who lived from 365 to 427, wrote of picking chrysanthemums by his eastern fence. Painters count it among the Four Gentlemen, with the plum blossom, the orchid, and bamboo.
More of its history
The garden chrysanthemum is not found in the wild. Botanists believe it arose in China from crosses between wild species. It reached Japan more than 1,200 years ago, and by the 1800s it was grown in Europe and America.
The Book of Rites, compiled more than 2,000 years ago, marks the last month of autumn with a short line: the chrysanthemum has yellow flowers. In the 1000s, the scholar Zhou Dunyi called it the hermit among flowers. In 1104, Liu Meng wrote a whole book about it, describing 35 kinds sorted by color.
Chrysanthemum tea is made by steeping a few dried flower heads in hot water. It is pale gold, and in Cantonese teahouses it is often served with dim sum. On the Double Ninth Festival, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, families climb hills and admire the flowers in bloom.
Book of Rites, "Monthly Ordinances"; Tao Yuanming, "Drinking Wine," poem 5; Zhou Dunyi, "On the Love of the Lotus"; Liu Meng, Chrysanthemum Manual (1104); Flora of China.











